Caring For a Patient in A&E with DKA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Caring For a Patient in A&E with DKA - Essay Example the situation of the patient, the analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion where other points are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if situation arose again. The case I have chosen to discuss in this assignment is about Mrs. X, a 29 year old woman. The name of the patient and the place will not be disclosed throughout the assignment for the purpose of anonymity and confidentiality. Mrs. E was brought into our Accident and Emergency Race Track-Majors department complaining of feeling generally ill for 3 days. She was apparently suffering from intermittent abdominal pain and constant vomiting. She was pale with dry cracked lips and very weak. Due to the busy A&E Department, the patient waited for 30 minutes before being assessed by myself. Temperature was 37.3 degree celcius, blood pressure 109/67, pulse rate was 89 per minute and respiratory rate was 28 per minute. Blood sugar level was 22.7 mmol/l and urine dip stick revealed plus 3 ketones, plus 3 of Glucose and traces of protein. Blood ketone levels as determined by ketone strip were 5.8 mmol/l. I made a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and shifted her to the resuscitation room where further treatment was rendered. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition that frequently requires hospitalization in those with type 1 diabetes and is the most common cause of diabetes-related death in children (Della Manna et al 2005). Diabetic ketoacidosis may be defined as a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis-induced derangements in intermediary metabolism (Rucker 2006). It most commonly occurs in type-1 diabetes. It is characterized by hyperglycemia over 300mg/dl, low bicarbonate (15mEq/L) and acidosis (pH

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY COURSEWORK Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - Coursework Example Average Lifetime for CH4 is 8.13 years, in this case it’s a first order chemical loss for X(CH4) With Rate Constant KC=3Ãâ€"10-15, The chemical loss is L=Kcm so that Tc is simply the inverse of the rate constant (Naylor, 1995) (a) The most abundant oxidants in the Earths atmosphere are O2(oxygen), O3(ozone) and OH(hydroxyl ) Radical group. These oxidants have large bond energies and are hence relatively unreactive except toward radicals (O2 only toward highly unstable radicals). With a few exceptions, oxidation of non-radical atmospheric species by O2 or O3 is negligibly slow. Of the three, OH radical is identified as a strong oxidant in the stratosphere. OH reacts rapidly with most reduced non-radical species, and is particularly reactive toward H-containing molecules due to H-abstraction reactions converting OH to H2O. Oxygen and Ozone:O2 and O3-oxygen is a principal constituent of dry air, accounting for 21% of the atmospheric volume, atmospheric oxygen is regulated by a slow atmospheric lithosphere cycle involving conversion of O2 to Carbon dioxide. Elements that combine with oxygen remove it from atmosphere; these are described as oxygen sinks, oxygen also combines with other elements to make oxides, the process of chemical change involving oxygen molecules and electrons is both oxidation and reduction, thus its relative activity in the atmosphere (Naylor, 1995) Ozone is generated by the energetic action of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) on Ordinary Oxygen in the presence of stabilizing agent like Nitrogen. The reaction is reversible and O3 reverts to diatomic oxygen. It’s a strong oxidizing agent readily reacting with other chemical compounds to make toxic oxides, it’s also responsible in providing the strong oxidant OH and its also an important greenhouse gas, however its being depleted at high rate due to emissions due to human